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9.2.3 Performance Characteristics of Remote Sensing Systems

Many of the studies that have been performed to estimate the accuracy and precision of remote sensors were based on inter-comparisons to tower-based measurements. These comparisons have generally assumed that the tower measurements provide the known standard and are representative of the same environment measured by the remote sensors. However, differences between point measurements from in situ sensors located on the tower and volume-averaged measurements from the remote sensors located near the tower are expected to lead to differences in the results, even though conditions for these inter-comparisons are likely as close to “ideal” as one could expect. The performance of remote profiling instrumentation is greatly influenced by individual site characteristics, instrument condition, and operating parameters established for the equipment.

Table 9-1 includes estimates of expected performance characteristics for remote sensing systems that are installed and working properly. These results should be used for establishing data quality objectives for upper-air programs and as a basis for interpreting results from inter-comparison programs or performance audits of upper-air equipment (see Section 9.6). To avoid ambiguities in wind direction associated with light and variable winds, it is recommended that the wind direction comparability calculations be made only when actual wind speeds are greater than approximately 2 ms -1 .

9. UPPER-AIR MONITORING 
9.1 Fundamentals  
      9.1.1 Upper-Air Meteorological Variables  
     9.1.2 Radiosonde Sounding System  
     9.1.3 Doppler Sodar 
     9.1.4 Radar Wind Profiler 
     9.1.5 RASS  
 9.2 Performance Characteristics  
     9.2.1 Definition of Performance Specifications  
     9.2.2 Performance Characteristics of Radiosonde Sounding Systems 
     9.2.3 Performance Characteristics of Remote Sensing Systems  
 9.3 Monitoring Objectives and Goals  
     9.3.1 Data Quality Objectives  
 9.4 Siting and Exposure
 9.5 Installation and Acceptance Testing 
 
9.6 Quality Assurance and Quality Control 
     9.6.1 Calibration Methods  
     9.6.2 System and Performance Audits  
     9.6.3 Standard Operating Procedures 
     9.6.4 Operational Checks and Preventive Maintenance  
     9.6.5 Corrective Action and Reporting  
     9.6.6 Common Problems Encountered in Upper-Air Data Collection 
 9.7 Data Processing and Management (DP&M) 
     
9.7.1 Overview of Data Products  
     9.7.2 Steps in DP&M 
     9.7.3 Data Archiving  
 9.8 Recommendations for Upper-Air Data Collection 


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